No.3802タイ
2004年3月の弁護士失踪事件の元警官の被告
5人のうち4人が証拠不十分で無罪となりました。
「国際人権連盟」(FIDH)と「SOSトーチャー」の共同プロジェクトである「人権擁護家保護のための監視機構」は、タイにおける下記の状況に関して皆様の引き続きの働きかけをお願いします。
＜新情報＞
人権擁護家のための監視機構は「市民の自由のための連合」から、ムスリム弁護士協会会長およびタイ弁護士協会人権委員会副委員長のソムチャイ・ニーラパイジットさんが2004年3月12日に強制的に失踪させられた件で起訴された5人の警官に関する情報を入手しました。
入手した情報によると、ソムチャイ・ニーラパイジットさんの件の被告である5人の警官の1人、ゲーン・トンスクが2006年1月12日に、バンコク刑事裁判所で禁固3年の判決を受けました。同裁判所は他の4人は証拠がないとして無罪としました。
ゲーン・トンスクは2004年3月12日の夜にソムチャイさんを無理やり車の中に押し込めたと認められ、刑法第309条の「人を服従させるための身体的強制」（強制罪）で有罪となりました。ソムチャイさんを車に強制的に押し込んだ男性の一団を見かけた2人の目撃者が特定できたのはゲーン・トンスクだけでした。
この5人の警官は、「集団強盗」と「人を服従させるための身体的強制」の罪状で起訴されました。これらの罪状は失踪という罪の重大さを反映していません。失踪は、タイの刑法では刑事犯罪ではありません。
この捜査の実効性と、警察が同じ組織内の者を捜査することの妥当性について多くの疑いが持たれています。事件が証拠不十分なのは明らかに貧弱な捜査のためです。この判決はソムチャイさんの行方や彼が誘拐された理由も特定しませんでした。
＜背景情報＞
ソムチャイ・ニーラパイジットさんが代理人をつとめている人々の中に、特にタイ南部の状況の悪化に関連して、国家の安全を損ねた容疑で2004年2月に拘禁された5人の男性がいました。ソムチャイさんは彼らが受けた拷問を確認するため、医師の診断を命じるよう裁判所に要請し、2004年5月に彼らの釈放を勝ち取りました。
彼は失踪の前日、治安部隊のもつ「テロリストのブラックリスト」に自分の名前が載っていることを知らされました。このことは、タイ南部のムスリムに対する人権侵害に平和的に反対する活動が理由で、彼が標的にされたかもしれないことを示唆しています。
ソムチャイさんの失踪に対する政府の怠慢に対して国内外の批判が高まり、2004年6月に5人の警官が起訴されました。裁判は2005年8月に始まりました。
＜行動要請＞
タイ関係当局に以下の内容の要請をお願いします。
- ソムチャイさんの失踪に関する調査を再開し、a)彼の行方について事実を確認でき、b)すべて罪を犯した関係者をすべて有効的に訴追できるよう、公平で偏らない方法で新たな調査を実施することを保障すること。
- 強制的失踪からのすべての人の保護に関する国連宣言並びに強制的失踪からのすべての人の保護に関する国連宣言に沿って、タイ議会が強制的な失踪をタイ刑法の下、特定の犯罪として定めるよう保障すること。
- 1998年12月9日国連総会で採択された国連人権擁護家に関する宣言の条文、とりわけ、「すべての人は、人権と基本的自由を国内および国際レベルで促進および保護する権利を、個別におよび集団的に所有する」とした第１条に従うこと。
- 国際人権基準およびタイが批准した国際人権文書に沿って、いかなる情況においても、人権尊重と基本的自由を保障すること。
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＜要請先＞
国連大使：Ambassador Mr. Chaiyong Satjipanon, Permanent Mission of Thailand to the United Nations in Geneva, rue Gustave Moynier 5, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland, Fax: + 41 22 715 10 00 / 10 02, Email: mission.thailand@ties.itu.int
首相：Dr. Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand, Email: prforeign@prd.go.th
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＜手紙の例文＞
例文を添付いたします。手紙を出されるときにご活用ください。
Dr. Thaksin Shinawatra
Prime Minister of Thailand
Dear Prime Minister Thaksin,
I am writing you to express my concern over the fate and whereabouts of Mr. Somchai Neelaphaijit, Chair of the Muslim Lawyers Association and Vice-Chair of the Human Rights Committee of the Lawyers Association of Thailand. Informed of the recent court decision acquitting four out of five defendants due to lack of evidence, I would like to urge you the following:
- To reopen the investigation into the disappearance of Mr. Somchai and ensure that the new investigation is conducted in a fair and impartial manner that is capable of a) establishing the facts as to his fate and whereabouts and b) leading to the effective prosecution of all guilty parties;
- To ensure that the Parliament makes enforced disappearance a specific offence under the Thai Criminal Law in conformity with the UN Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance as well as with the Draft International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance;
- To conform with the provisions of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 9, 1998, especially its article 1, which states that "everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels";
- To ensure in all circumstances respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights standards and international instruments ratified by Thailand.
I thank you for your kind attention to my request.
Yours truly,
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＜以下、原文＞
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URGENT APPEAL - THE OBSERVATORY
New Information
THA 001 / 0106 / OBS 005
Sentencing / Enforced disappearance
Thailand
January 16, 2006
The Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, a joint programme of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), has received new information and requests your urgent intervention in the following situation in Thailand.
New Information:
The Observatory has been informed by Union for Civil Liberty about the prosecution of the five policemen who were indicted in the enforced disappearance of Mr. Somchai Neelaphaijit, Chair of the Muslim Lawyers Association and Vice-Chair of the Human Rights Committee of the Lawyers Association of Thailand, on March 12, 2004.
According to the information received, on January 12, 2006, Mr. Ngern Tongsuk, one of the five police defendants in the case of Mr. Somchai Neelaphaijit, was sentenced to three years imprisonment by the Criminal Court of Bangkok. The Court acquitted the four other defendants due to lack of evidence.
Mr. Ngern Tongsuk was found of having forced Mr. Somchai into a car on the night of March 12, 2004, and convicted of "physically forcing another person into submission" (coercion) under section 309 of the Penal Code. Two eyewitnesses identified only Mr. Ngern Tongsuk from among a group of men they saw forcing Mr. Somchai into a vehicle.
The five police officers were accused of offences of "gang-robbery" and "physically forcing another person into submission". Such charges did not reflect the gravity of the crime of disappearance, which is not a criminal offence under the Thai criminal law.
Many doubts have risen about the effectiveness of the investigation and the propriety of the police force investigating its own members. The insufficient evidence in this case is clearly due to a weak investigation. Neither does the judgment clarify the whereabouts of Mr. Somchai, nor does it determine why he was abducted.
Background Information:
Mr. Somchai Neelpahaijit was notably the representative of five men detained in February 2004 on charge of undermining the national security in relation to the deteriorating situation in Southern Thailand. Mr. Somchai had sought a Court order for the five men to receive a physical examination for effects of torture and obtained their release in May 2004.
Days before his disappearance, he was told he was on a "terrorist blacklist" maintained by security forces. This suggests that he may have been targeted for his efforts to peacefully advocate against violations of the rights of Muslims in Southern Thailand.
Following international and domestic outcry over government inaction in connection with Mr. Somchai's disappearance, five policemen were eventually indicted in June 2004. The trial began in August 2005.
Actions required:
Please write to the authorities of Thailand urging them to:
- Reopen the investigation into the disappearance of Mr. Somchai end ensure that the new investigation is conducted in a fair and impartial manner that is capable of a) establishing the facts as to his fate and whereabouts and b) leading to the effective prosecution of all guilty parties;
- Ensure that the Parliament makes enforced disappearance a specific offence under the Thai Criminal Law in conformity with the UN Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance as well as with the Draft International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance;
- Conform with the provisions of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 9, 1998, especially its article 1, which states that "everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels";
- Ensure in all circumstances respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights standards and international instruments ratified by Thailand.
Addresses:
- Ambassador Mr. Chaiyong Satjipanon, Permanent Mission of Thailand to the United Nations in Geneva, rue Gustave Moynier 5, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland, Tel: + 41 22 715 10 10; Fax: + 41 22 715 10 00 / 10 02; Email: mission.thailand@ties.itu.int
- Dr. Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand, Email: prforeign@prd.go.th
***
Geneva-Paris, January 16, 2006
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