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＜事件No. MMR001/0807/OBS090＞
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No. 3973 ビルマ：NGOの人権活動家７人が公共の秩序を乱すとして有罪判決を受けました
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「国際人権連盟」(FIDH)と「SOSトーチャー」の共同プロジェクトである「人権擁護家保護のための監視機構」は、ビルマにおける下記の状況に関して皆様の緊急の働きかけをお願いします。
＜事件の概要＞
人権擁護家のための監視機構は信頼できる情報筋より、ビルマで人権促進の活動をしている非政府団体「人権擁護家・促進者協会(HRDP)」のメンバーであるコ・ミン・ナインさん（別名ミン・フライン）、コ・キャウ・ルウィンさん、ウ・フラ・シェンさん、ウ・ミャ・セインさん、ウ・ウィンさん、ウ・ミンさんの6人が有罪判決を受けたという情報を入手しました。
情報によると、この6人の活動家は2007年7月24日にヘンゼダ町裁判所で、ミャンマー刑事手続法の「公共の秩序を乱す意図」によって4年から8年の禁固刑の判決を受けたということです(1)。この6人は裁判まで拘禁されました。彼らは現在刑務所で拘禁されており、上級裁判所に控訴する予定です。
この6人の活動家は2007年4月17日の人権教育セミナーの開催に積極的に関わっていました。2007年4月18日にこのセミナーに参加していたHRDPのメンバーであるミン・アイさん、マウン・マウン・レイさん、ティン・マウン・オーさん、イン・チーさん、ミン・ナインさん、キャウ・ルウィンさんの6人が襲撃されるという事件が起きました。（背景情報参照）
さらに、同じ情報筋によると、2007年7月30日に、西バゴー地方のピャイ町の人権活動家、コ・ミン・ミンさんが、人権に関する「違法な授業」を開いていたとして、3年の禁固と罰金300,000チャット（30米ドル）の判決をピャイ町裁判所で言い渡されました。ミン・ミンさんは人権教育セミナーを主催した翌日の2007年7月10日に逮捕されました。このセミナーにはHRDPのメンバー25人と他の活動家、学生などが集まり、国連人権基準の重要性について議論し、人権や人権メカニズムに関するビルマの人々の意識向上の方法について話し合いました。彼を逮捕した時、当局は世界人権宣言のプリントも押収しました。
監視機構は、ビルマの人権擁護家が極度に抑圧的な環境におかれていることを裏付けるこのような事件に対し、憂慮を表明します。
監視機構はさらに、1998年 12月9日に国連総会が採択した人権擁護家に関する宣言の第1条「すべての人は、人権と基本的自由を国内および国際レベルで促進および保護する権利を、個別におよび集団的に有する」および第12条2項「国家は、個別であれ他者との合同であれ、すべての人が、本宣言に記述されている権利の合法的行使の結果により受ける、暴力、脅迫、報復、事実上あるいは法律上の差別、圧力あるいはその他の恣意的行為から資格ある当局の保護を受けるよう保障するために、あらゆる必要な措置をとるものとする」を想起します。
＜背景情報＞
2007年4月18日、コ・ミン・ナインさんを含む4人のHRDPの活動家が100人以上からなる集団に襲撃されました。その中にはビルマの軍事政権の市民支持組織である連邦団結発展協会(USDA)のメンバーも参加していました。被害者たちは、前日の夜に人権教育セミナーに出席し、帰宅途中でした。ミン・ナインさんとマウン・マウン・レイさんはこの襲撃で激しい暴行を受け、ヤンゴン総合病院の神経科に入院しました。襲撃者は被害者の貴重品も奪いました。
その後、ミン・ナインさんはUSDAのヘネゼダ支部書記のニュン・オー、地元のオークポーン村評議会議長、同議長の部下10人を傷害で刑事告訴しました。しかし、今のところ、下級役人3人と一般市民3人が処罰されただけで、責任を問われたり、目撃者として召喚された上級役人は誰もいません。
(1) コ・ミン・ナインさんは禁固8年、コ・キャウ・ルウィンさん、ウ・フラ・シェンさん、ウ・ミャ・セインさん、ウ・ウィンさん、ウ・ミンさんは禁固4年の判決を受けました。
＜行動要請＞
ビルマ関係当局に以下の内容の要請をお願いいたします。
1．いかなる情況にあろうとも、コ・ミン・ナインさん、コ・キャウ・ルウィンさん、ウ・フラ・シェンさん、ウ・ミャ・セインさん、ウ・ウィンさん、ウ・ミンさん、コ・ミン・ミンさんの心身の安全を保障すること。
2．彼らの拘束は恣意的であり、単に人権活動家への制裁だけを目指しているため、上記の人権擁護家を即時、無条件で釈放すること。
3．彼らの拘束は彼らの人権活動を妨害するためだけのものと思われるし、それゆえ恣意的なため、上記の人権擁護家に対する嫌疑をすべて取り下げられるよう、彼らに公正で中立な裁判を保障すること。
4．実行者を特定し、裁判に付し、法に応じた判決が言い渡されるよう、公正で中立な調査を実施すること。
5．ビルマのすべての人権擁護活動家に対する嫌がらせと脅迫をすべて止めること。
6．上記の人権擁護家に関する国連宣言の第１条と12-2条に従うこと。
7．いかなる情況にあろうとも、国際人権基準およびビルマが批准した国際文書に従って、国内における人権尊重と基本的自由を保障すること。
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＜要請先＞
検事総長：Mr. Aye Maung
Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General
Office No. 25, Naypyitaw, Burma
Fax: +95 67 404 146/ 106;
首相代行：Lt-Gen. Thein Sein
Acting Prime Minister
c/o Ministry of Defence, Naypyitaw, Burma
Fax: + 95 1 652 624
内務大臣：Maj-Gen. Maung Oo
Minister for Home Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs
Office No. 10, Naypyitaw, Burma
Fax: +95 67 412 016/ 439, e-mail: ddg.gad@gad.gov.mm;
最高裁判所長官：Mr. Aung Toe
Chief Justice, Office of the Supreme Court
Office No. 24, Naypyitaw, Burma
Fax: + 95 67 404 059;
警察軍長官：Brig-Gen. Khin Yi
Director General, Burma Police Force
Naypyitaw, Burma
e-mail: wynnm@mpf.gov.mm or mone@mpf.gov.mm
国連大使：Permanent Mission of Myanmar to the United Nations in Geneva
47 avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
Fax: + 41 22 732 89 19
Email: mission.myanmar@ties.itu.int
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例文を添付いたします。手紙を出されるときにご活用ください。
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Mr. Aye Maung
Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General
Office No. 25, Naypyitaw, Burma
Dear Mr. Maug,
I would like to express my concern over the sentences against seven people including Messrs. Ko Myint Naing (also known as Myint Hlaing), Ko Kyaw Lwin, U Hla Shien, U Mya Sein, U Win and U Myint, of Human Rights Defenders and Promoters (HRDP), and Mr. Ko Min Min, a human rights activist in Pyay Township. As their detention and sentences seem arbitrary, I would like to urge you the following.
1. To guarantee in all circumstances the physical and psychological integrity of the seven above-mentioned human rights defenders;
2. To release the above-mentioned human rights defenders immediately and unconditionally since their detention is arbitrary as it merely aims at sanctioning their human rights activities;
3. To ensure that they be granted a fair and impartial trial so that the charges against them be dropped as they seem to aim at hindering their activities in favour of human rights and as such are arbitrary;
4. To conduct a fair and impartial investigation so that the all those responsible for the assault be identified, brought to justice and sentenced according to sanctions provided by law;
5. To put an end to all harassment and threats against human rights defenders in Burma;
6. To conform with the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders made on December 9, 1998, especially, “everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels” (Article 1) and “The State; shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the [...] Declaration” (Article 12.2).
7. To ensure in all circumstances respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights standards and international instruments ratified by Burma.
I thank you for your kind attention to my request.
Yours truly,
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＜以下、原文＞
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URGENT APPEAL - THE OBSERVATORY
MMR 001 / 0807 / OBS 090
Arbitrary detention / Sentences / Ill-treatment
Burma
August 9, 2007
The Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, a joint programme of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the World Organisation against Torture (OMCT), requests your urgent intervention in the following situation in Burma.
Description of the situation:
The Observatory has been informed by reliable sources of the sentences against Messrs. Ko Myint Naing (also known as Myint Hlaing), Ko Kyaw Lwin, U Hla Shien, U Mya Sein, U Win and U Myint, six members of Human Rights Defenders and Promoters (HRDP), a Burmese-based non-governmental organisation dedicated to the promotion of human rights in Burma.
According to the information received, on July 24, 2007, the six activists were sentenced by the Henzeda Township Court to four to eight years’ imprisonment for “intent to cause public disturbance under the Criminal Procedure Code of Myanmar” . The six activists were kept in custody until their trial. They are presently in prison and will lodge an appeal to the Higher Court.
The six defenders had played an active role in the organisation of a human rights education seminar held on April 17, 2007 that led up to an assault, on April 18, 2007, against six HRDP members who had taken part in this seminar, namely Messrs. Myint Aye, Maung Maung Lay, Tin Maung Oo, Yin Kyi, Myint Naing and Kyaw Lwin (See background information).
Furthermore, according to the same information, on July 30, 2007, Mr. Ko Min Min, a human rights activist in Pyay Township, Western Bago region, was also condemned to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of 300,000 kyats (USD 30) by the Pyay Township Court for “giving illegal tuition classes” on human rights. Mr. Min Min was arrested on July 10, 2007, one day after he had played a leading organisational role in a human rights education session. This event had attracted some 25 members of HRDP as well as other activists and students and included discussions on the importance of United Nations human rights instruments and talks on how better to raise awareness of human rights and human rights mechanisms among the Burmese people. At the time of his arrest, officials confiscated copies of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The Observatory expresses its deepest concern regarding these events, which evidence the extremely repressive environment for human rights defenders in the country.
The Observatory further recalls that according to the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Defenders adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 9, 1998, “everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels” (Article 1) and “The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the [...] Declaration” (Article 12.2).
Background information:
On April 18, 2007, four HRDP activists, including Mr. Ko Myint Naing, were assaulted by a group of more than 100 individuals, including members of the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), the civilian wing of the Burmese military government. The victims were returning home following a human rights education seminar held the previous night. Messrs. Myint Niang and Maung Maung Lay were hospitalised in the neurological ward of the Yangon General Hospital as a consequence of the severe beatings sustained in the attack. The assailants reportedly also stole valuable personal items belonging to the victims.
Subsequently, Mr. Myint Naing filed a criminal complaint against Mr. Nyunt Oo, the Secretary of Henzeda Township USDA, and against the Chairman of local Oakpone Village Council as well as against ten of the Chairman’s staff for the injuries suffered. To date, only three low-level officials and three civilians have been reprimanded and no senior official has been held to account or has been called as witness.
Action requested:
Please write to the Burmese authorities urging them to:
i. Guarantee in all circumstances the physical and psychological integrity of the seven above-mentioned human rights defenders;
ii. Release the above-mentioned human rights defenders immediately and unconditionally since their detention is arbitrary as it merely aims at sanctioning their human rights activities;
iii. Ensure that they be granted a fair and impartial trial so that the charges against them be dropped as they seem to aim at hindering their activities in favour of human rights and as such are arbitrary;
iv. Conduct a fair and impartial investigation so that the all those responsible for the assault be identified, brought to justice and sentenced according to sanctions provided by law;
v. Put an end to all harassment and threats against human rights defenders in Burma;
vi. Conform with above-mentioned Articles 1 and 12.2 of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Defenders;
vii. Ensure in all circumstances respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights standards and international instruments ratified by Burma.
Addresses:
• Mr. Aye Maung, Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Office No. 25, Naypyitaw, Burma, Tel: +95 67 404 088/ 090/ 092/ 094/ 097, Fax: +95 67 404 146/ 106;
• Lt-Gen. Thein Sein, Acting Prime Minister, c/o Ministry of Defence, Naypyitaw, Burma, Tel: + 95 1 372 681; Fax: + 95 1 652 624;
• Maj-Gen. Maung Oo, Minister for Home Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, Office No. 10, Naypyitaw, Burma, Tel: +95 67 412 040/ 069/ 072, Fax: +95 67 412 016/ 439, e-mail: ddg.gad@gad.gov.mm;
• Mr. Aung Toe, Chief Justice, Office of the Supreme Court, Office No. 24, Naypyitaw, Burma, Tel: + 95 67 404 080/ 071/ 078/ 067 or + 95 1 372 145, Fax: + 95 67 404 059;
• Brig-Gen. Khin Yi, Director General, Burma Police Force, Naypyitaw, Burma, Tel: + 95 1 549 196/ 228/ 209; email: wynnm@mpf.gov.mm or mone@mpf.gov.mm
• Permanent Mission of Myanmar to the United Nations in Geneva, 47 avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland, Tel: + 41 22 906 98 70; Fax: + 41 22 732 89 19; Email: mission.myanmar@ties.itu.int
Please also write to the diplomatic representations of Burma in your respective countries.
***
Paris - Geneva, August 9, 2007
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