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掲載日:2006.12.08
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<事件 No. CHN006/0706/OBS087.3>
No.3889 中国:人権弁護士に対する一審の恣意的な有罪判決が、二審で無罪に覆されました。

 国際人権連盟」(FIDH)と「SOSトーチャー」の共同プロジェクトである「人権擁護家保護のための監視機構」は、中国における下記の状況に関して皆様の引き続きの働きかけをお願いします。

<新情報>

人権擁護家のための監視機構は、臨沂市人民中級法院が陳光城(チェン・グアンチェン)さんを有罪とした下級裁判所の決定を覆したという情報を入手しました。陳光城さんは、山東省臨沂市当局による家族計画政策実施の際の過剰な暴力を訴える活動を支援している弁護士です。

情報によると、臨沂市人民中級法院は下級人民法院の有罪判決を覆し、審理を臨沂市人民法院に差し戻したということです。この裁判は非公開で、裁判官は決定の理由を説明しませんでした。

陳光城さんは2006年8月24日に臨沂市人民法院で「故意による物損」と「交通妨害」に関するわずか2時間の審理の後、4年3ヶ月の禁固刑を言い渡されました。

2006年10月中旬、弁護団が第二審の日程を問い合わせたところ、裁判所は書面で決定について知らせると言われました。しかし、裁判所は法的規則によれば同年10月20日までに決定を弁護団か家族に送らなければならなかったのに、この規則を守りませんでした。

陳光城さんは2006年3月に、他の者と一緒に交通を妨害したとして逮捕されました。(背景情報参照)

陳光城さんは今も臨沂郡拘禁センターで拘禁されています。妻の袁偉静(ユアン・ウェイジン)さんは夫の行動を支持し、夫が虐待を受けているということを発言しているため、今も住宅監視におかれています。

人権擁護家のための監視機構は臨沂市人民中級法院の決定を歓迎します。しかし、陳光城さんが拘禁されているのは家族計画政策実施のために様々な権利侵害を受けている臨沂の村人のための活動と直接関連があると思われるため、彼の迅速な無条件釈放を呼びかけます。とくに陳光城さんはこのような権利侵害に対して村人が訴訟を起こす支援をしていました。

監視機構はこれらの事件を憂慮し、中国当局は、新設の国連人権委員会の委員選出の際に中国が再確認した国際的な人権の責務を遵守するよう、要請します。

<事件の概要>

情報によると、陳光城さんは自分の生まれ故郷である臨沂市において、複数の女性やその家族が家族計画の名のもと、暴力を受けたという件について、2005年はじめに調査し始めました。また、過剰な暴力についてのレポートが、海外のメディアやインターネット上で発表されました。その後、国家家族計画委員会自身が調査を行って当局者が法律に違反したことを正式に認め、処分が行われると発表しました。

2005年8月以来、当局は陳光城さんと家族、陳さんの活動を支持する村民に対し、執拗な監視や脅迫、自宅軟禁、秘密裏の拘禁などの違法な手段で彼らを傷つけ、威嚇しています。2005年9月6日に陳さんは「住宅監視」におかれました。

2006年3月、陳光城さんは彼と他の活動家たちが交通を妨害したとして、地元警察に逮捕され、尋問を受けました。その夜、警察が陳さんの妻の袁偉静(ユアン・ウェイジン)さんを襲撃しました。2006年6月11日、妻は臨沂市公安局より、陳さんが2006年6月10日に「故意の物損」、「暴徒による交通妨害を組織する」という嫌疑で起訴されたと知らされました。

陳光城さんの弁護団は訴訟を取り下げるよう、当局から強い圧力を受けており、その1人のシュー・ジヨンさんは裁判所で申し立てをする許可を得られませんでした。裁判所は必要な書類の手続を拒否しました。

審理中、陳光城さんは弁護団への接見が認められませんでした。そのため、2006年8月19日に行われた第1審では、弁護団の弁護士が警察に拘禁されたり、裁判所への入場を認められなかったりしたため、弁護団なしで行われました。2006年8月18日にシュー・ジヨンさんは身元不明の5人の男に殴打され、警察で拘禁され、陳光城さんの裁判がすでに終わってしまっていた22時間後に釈放されました。同じ日、リー・ジンソンさんとザン・リフイさんは窃盗の容疑で拘禁されました。2人とも釈放されましたが、裁判への出席は認められませんでした。

弁護団の別の2人の弁護士、ヤン・ザイシンさんとザン・ジャンカンさんも陳光城さんの弁護に関わっていることで嫌がらせを受け、家に連れ戻されました。

その後、当局自身が弁護人を選定しましたが、陳光城さんの資料も読まず、弁護活動もほとんどしませんでした。

<行動要請>

 中国関係当局に以下の内容の要請をお願いします。

1.いかなる情況にあろうとも、陳光城さんおよび彼の弁護士の心身の安全を保障すること。
2.陳光城さんの拘禁は恣意的であるため、彼の即時の釈放を保障すること。
3.どのような情況にあろうとも、彼の公正で中立な裁判をうける権利を保障すること。
4.中国のすべての人権擁護家に対するあらゆる形態の報復行為を止めること。
5.1998年10月9日に採択された国連人権擁護家に関する宣言の条文、とりわけ、「すべての人は、人権と基本的自由を国内および国際レベルで促進および保護する権利を、個別におよび集団的に所有する」とした第1条、「すべての人は、個々にまた他の者と共同して、すべての人権と基本的自由に関する意見、情報、知識を出版、発表もしくは他の者に伝える権利を有している」とした第6条(b)、「すべての人は、人権および基本的自由を守るために、専門的で有能な法的援助あるいはその他適切な助言や援助を提供する権利を有する」とした第9.3(c)条、そして「国家は、個別であれ他者との合同であれ、すべての人が、本宣言に記述されている権利の合法的行使の結果により受ける、暴力、脅迫、報復、事実上あるいは法律上の差別、圧力あるいはその他の恣意的行為から資格ある当局の保護を受けるよう保障するために、あらゆる必要な措置をとるものとする」とした第12条2項を保障すること。
6.国際人権基準および中国が署名した国際人権文書、とりわけ、中国が批准の意志を公的に宣言した市民的および政治的権利に関する国際規約にしたがって、いかなる情況にあろうとも人権尊重と基本的自由を保障すること。

<要請先>

胡錦濤主席:President Hu Jintao, People’s Republic of China
c/o Embassy of the People’s Republic of China
2300 Connecticut Ave.
NW, Washington, D.C., 20008, USA
Fax: +01 202 588-0032

法務大臣:Mr. Zhang Fusen Buzhang
Minister of Justice of the People’s Republic of China
Sifabu, 10 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Chaoyangqu
Beijingshi 100020, People’s Republic of China
Fax: +86 10 65 292345

外務大臣:Mr. Li Zhaoxing Buzhang Waijiaobu
  Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
2 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Beijingshi 100701
People’s Republic of China
Fax: +86 10 6588 2594 Email: ipc@fmprc.gov.cn

中華人民共和国大使館:
Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Japan
〒106-0046 港区元麻布3丁目4-33
特命全権大使:王 毅 閣下


<手紙の例文>

例文を添付いたします。手紙を出されるときにご活用ください。

President Hu Jintao
People’s Republic of China
c/o Embassy of the People’s Republic of China
2300 Connecticut Ave.
NW, Washington, D.C., 20008, USA

Dear President Hu Jintao,

I would like to welcome the recent decision of the Linyi City People’s Intermediate Court to overturn the Lower Court sentencing of Mr. Chen Guangcheng, a lawyer involved in denouncing an extremely violent implementation of the birth planning policy by the authorities of Linyi, Shangdong province. While welcoming, I would also like to urge you the followings:

1. To guarantee in all circumstances the physical and psychological integrity of Mr. Chen Guangcheng as well as of his lawyers;

2. To ensure that Mr. Chen Guangcheng be immediately released, as his detention is arbitrary;

3. To ensure that his rights to a fair and impartial trial will be guaranteed in any circumstances;

4. To put an end to any kind of reprisals against all human rights defenders in China;

5. To conform with the provisions of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 9, 1998, especially its article 1, which states that “everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels”, article 6.b, which states that “everyone has the right, to freely publish, impart or disseminate to others views, information and knowledge on all human rights and fundamental freedoms”, article 9.3.c, which states that “everyone has the right [...] to offer and provide professionally qualified legal assistance or other relevant advice and assistance in defending human rights and fundamental freedoms”, and article 12.2, which states that “the State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration”;

6. To ensure in all circumstances respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights standards and international instruments signed by the People’s Republic of China, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), that China has publicly declared its intention to ratify.

I thank you for your kind attention to my request.

Yours truly,

<以下、原文>

URGENT APPEAL ? THE OBSERVATORY

New information

CHN 006 / 0706 / OBS 087.3

Judicial proceedings / Arbitrary detention

- People’s Republic of China

November 3, 2006

The Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, a joint programme of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), has received new information and requests your urgent intervention in the following situation in the People’s Republic of China.

New information:

The Observatory has been informed by reliable sources about the recent decision of the Linyi City People’s Intermediate Court to overturn the Lower Court sentencing of Mr. Chen Guangcheng, a lawyer involved in denouncing an extremely violent implementation of the birth planning policy by the authorities of Linyi, Shangdong province.

According to the information received, the Linyi City People’s Intermediate Court overturned the lower court’s guilty verdict against Mr. Chen Guangcheng, sending the case back to the Yinan County Court for a re-trial. The court was not open to the public and the judge did not justify nor explain his decision.

 

On August 24, 2006, Mr. Chen Guangcheng was sentenced to four years and three months' imprisonment, after a two-hour hearing by the Linnan County People’s Court for “deliberate destruction of property” and “disrupting traffic”. The trial only lasted two hours.

In mid-October 2006, when the defense lawyers inquired about the date for the trial of second instance, they were told that the ruling issued by the court was to be in writing. However, the court failed to comply with legal regulations requiring it to issue a ruling and send it to the lawyers or family before October 20, 2006.

Mr. Chen was arrested in March 2006 on the pretext that he and others activists had obstructed traffic (See background information).

Mr. Chen remains detained at the Yinan County Detention Center. His wife, Mrs. Yuan Weijing, remains under residential surveillance for supporting her husband’s actions and speaking out about his mistreatment.

The Observatory welcomes this decision of the Linyi City People’s Intermediate Court. Nevertheless, the Observatory calls for his immediate and unconditional release, as his detention seems to be directly linked to his activities in favour of the villagers of Linyi, who have been the victims of numerous violations of their rights in relation to the implementation of the birth planning policy. In particular, Mr. Chen tried to assist them in bringing legal proceedings against the perpetrators of such violations.

The Observatory urges the Chinese authorities to conform with its international human rights obligations, commitments that were reaffirmed by China on the occasion of its election as a member of the new United Nations Human Rights Council.

Background information:

In early 2005, Mr. Chen Guangcheng began to investigate into the violence perpetrated against local women and their families in order to meet birth planning quotas in his native Linyi City. Information on the extensive violations was also published by the international press and on the Internet. Eventually, the State Family Planning Commission conducted its own investigation and publicly admitted that officials had violated the law and that disciplinary action was being taken.

Since August 2005, the authorities have tried to undermine and intimidate Mr. Chen Guangcheng, his family and other villagers who support Mr. Chen’s work. The means used were often illegal such as close surveillance, threats, house arrest and secret detention. On September 6, 2005, Mr. Chen was placed under “residential surveillance”.

On March 11, 2006, local police arrested and questioned Mr. Chen Guangcheng on the grounds that he and others activists had obstructed traffic. On the same night, the police assaulted Mr. Chen’s wife, Mrs. Yuan Weijing. On June 11, 2006, she was notified by the Yinan County Public Security Bureau that her husband was charged with “deliberate destruction of property” and “organising a mob to disrupt traffic”.

Furthermore, Mr. Xu Zhiyong, one of Mr Chen’s defence lawyers who was already under strong pressure from the authorities to drop the case, could not get permission from the court to serve the claim. Indeed, the court refused to process the necessary documents.

During the judicial proceedings, Mr. Chen was denied access to his legal team. Thus, the first instance in his trial took place on August 19, 2006, in the absence of his legal team, all of whom had been either detained by the police or denied access to the court. Indeed, on August 18, 2006, Mr. Xu Zhiyong was beaten by five unidentified men and then taken into police custody, only to be released 22 hours later, after Mr. Chen’s trial had already finished. On the same day, police surrounded Mr. Li Jinsong and Mr. Zhang Lihui and detained them on charges of theft. Both Messrs. Zhang and Li were released, but were then barred from attending the trial.

Two lawyers also involved in Mr. Chen’s defense proceedings, Messrs. Yang Zaixin and Zhang Jiankang, were harassed and forcibly returned home for their involvement in Mr. Chen’s defence.

As a result, authorities appointed their own public defender, who did not read Mr. Chen’s file and did little to defend him.

Actions required:

Please write to the Chinese authorities urging them to:

i.                         Guarantee in all circumstances the physical and psychological integrity of Mr. Chen Guangcheng as well as of his lawyers;

ii.                       Ensure that Mr. Chen Guangcheng be immediately released, as his detention is arbitrary;

iii.                      Ensure that his rights to a fair and impartial trial will be guaranteed in any circumstances;

iv.                     Put an end to any kind of reprisals against all human rights defenders in China;

v.                       Conform with the provisions of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 9, 1998, especially its article 1, which states that “everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels”, article 6.b, which states that “everyone has the right, to freely publish, impart or disseminate to others views, information and knowledge on all human rights and fundamental freedoms”, article 9.3.c, which states that “everyone has the right [...] to offer and provide professionally qualified legal assistance or other relevant advice and assistance in defending human rights and fundamental freedoms”, and article 12.2, which states that “the State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration”;

vi.                     Ensure in all circumstances respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights standards and international instruments signed by the People’s Republic of China, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), that China has publicly declared its intention to ratify.

Addresses:

-              President Hu Jintao, People’s Republic of China, c/o Embassy of the People’s Republic of China; 2300 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, D.C., 20008, USA, Fax: +01 202 588-0032

-              Minister of Justice of the People’s Republic of China, Zhang Fusen Buzhang, Sifabu, 10 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Chaoyangqu, Beijingshi 100020, People’s Republic of China, Fax: +86 10 6529 2345

-              Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Li Zhaoxing Buzhang Waijiaobu, 2 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Beijingshi 100701, People’s Republic of China, Fax: +86 10 6588 2594, Email: ipc@fmprc.gov.cn

-              Ambassador, Sha Zukang, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China, Ch. De Surville, CP 85, 1213 Petit-Lancy 2, Suisse, e-mail: mission.china@ties.itu.int, Fax : +41 22 793 70 14

-              Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Brussels, Avenue de Tervuren, 463 1160 Auderghem, Belgium, Tel: + 32 2 663 30 10 / + 32 2 663 30 17 / +32 2 771 14 97 / +32 2 779 43 33; Fax: +32 2 762 99 66 / +32 2 779 28 95; Email: chinaemb_be@mfa.gov.cn

Please also write to the diplomatic representations of the People’s Republic of China in your respective countries.

***

Geneva-Paris, November 3, 2006